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        JOBLESS GROWTH  Jobless growth, also known as jobless recovery, occurs when an economy experiences economic growth without a proportional increase in employment opportunities. This phenomenon can have several impacts on individuals, society, and the economy as a whole: 1.     Unemployment: The most direct impact of jobless growth is an increase in unemployment rates. Despite economic expansion, businesses may not be creating enough jobs to absorb the growing labor force, leading to higher levels of unemployment. 2.     Income Inequality: Jobless growth can contribute to income inequality. Those who benefit from economic growth, such as business owners or skilled workers in growing sectors, may experience increased income, while unemployed or underemployed individuals may face declining or stagnant incomes. 3.     Social Unrest: High levels of unemployment and income inequality can lead to social unrest and dissatisfaction. People who feel left behind by economic gr
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TEST IN STATISTICS

Various test in statistics 1. Box jenkins- Forecasting 2. Unit root test- Stationarity  3. Durbin Watson d test- serial correlation 4. Durbin h test- auto correlation in auto regressive model. 5. Granger test- Causality  6. Goldfeld Quandt test - Heteroscedasticity  7. Dicky fuller test- Stationarity  8. F test- overall significance of regression 9. T distribution- Population parameters  10. Chi sq test- Goodness of fit 11. Dummy variable- Qualitative effects 12. Theory of probability - Uncertain events 13. Sample - mini replica of population 14. Normal distribution - Symmetrical with almost total area with mean + - 30( Sig ma) 15.  R square.. goodness of fit of regression function. 16. Mean is greater than mode-  positively skewed distribution. 17. Mean is less than mode- negatively skewed. 18. Mean is greater than median- Positively skewed. 19. Type I error- Rejection of H0 when it is true. 20 Type II e
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STEP AHEAD FROM SELF RELIANCE TO SELF SUFFICIENCY

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STEP AHEAD FROM SELF RELIANCE TO SELF SUFFICIENCY  (BY OUR PM NARENDER MODI JI  ON 12MAY 2020) The meaning of the word self-reliance has changed in the world, the definition of self-reliance has changed in the Global World.  The discussion of Human-Centered Globalization versus Centralized Globalization is in full swing.  India's fundamental thinking, a ray of hope is seen in front of the world.  The culture of India, the rites of India, speak of the self-sufficiency whose soul is Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.  ( is a Sanskrit phrase found in Hindu texts such as the Maha Upanishad, which means "the world is one family") India's self-sufficiency concerns the happiness, cooperation, and peace of the world.  The culture that believes in the world, who wants only the welfare of the living, who considers the whole world as a family, who thinks of 'motherland: sons and souls' in their faith, who believes the earth as mother, that culture, That Bharatbhoomi, when it
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Simple Fundas on NATIONAL INCOME

DON'T MISS TO REVISE THE FOLLOWING FUNDAS ON NATIONAL INCOME  National income or domestic income includes only factor incomes;viz., rent,interest,profit and wages. Private income includes factor incomes as well as transfer payments (like old-age pensions or scholarships)granted by the government to the private sector. Private income does not include that part of domestic income which accrues to the government (or from rest of the world ) to the private sector. Personal income does not refer to income of any particular person in the economy.It refers to income of all individuals and households in the economy.Unlike private income,it does not include:            a.undistributed profits (also called corporate saving)            b.corporate profit tax
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GDP GROWTH IN 2018-2019 ACCORDING TO WORLD BANK

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World Bank says India's GDP to grow at 7.3% in 2018-19 First the good news: The 2018 Global Economics Prospect (GEP) released by the World Bank today  projects India's GDP growth to pick up to 7.3% in 2018-19 and to 7.5% for the next two years. In comparison, the figure for the second quarter of the current financial year (July-September 2017) was 6.3%, up from the three-year low of 5.7% in the first quarter. The report pegs overall economic growth for 2017 at 6.7%, despite initial setbacks from demonetisation and introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). "In all likelihood, India is going to register higher growth rate than other major emerging market economies in the next decade. So, I wouldn't focus on the short-term numbers. I would look at the big picture for India and big picture is telling us that it has enormous potential," Ayhan Kose, director, Development Prospects Group, World Bank, and the author of the report told PTI. According t
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WHAT IS UNEMPLOYMENT ? CAUSES ? AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

Definition:  Unemployment is defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as people who do not have a job, have actively looked for work in the past four weeks, and are currently available for work. Also, people who were temporarily laid off and were waiting to be called back to that job are included in the unemployment statistics. Those who have not looked for work within the past four weeks are no longer counted among the unemployed. The BLS also removes them from the labor force. Most people leave the labor force when they retire, go to school, have a disability that keeps them from working, or have family responsibilities. Even people who would like to work are excluded if they aren't actively looking for work. Here's how the BLS calculates the Labor Force Participation Rate. The BLS does keep track of those people, though. They are separately reported in the Jobs Report. Those who have looked for work within the past 12 months, but not within the past four
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TYPES OF UNEMPOLYMENT

Different Types of Unemployment in India )           Structural Unemployment: – This type unemployment is associated with economic structure of the country. When demand for labour falls short to supply of labour due to rapidly growing population and their immobility, the problem of unemployment appears in the economy. Besides, due to growing population, rate of capital formation falls down which again limits the employment opportunities, this type of structural unemployment is basically related to this category of unemployment. 2)          Under-Employment :- Those labourers are under-employment who obtain work for but their efficiency and capability are not utilized at their optimum and as a result they contribute in the production upto a limited level. A country having this type of unemployment fails to exploit the efficiency of their labourers. 3)          Disguised unemployment :-  If a person does not contribute any thing in the production process or in other words,
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